The department studies how the ocean works from physical, chemical, and biological perspectives, focusing on biogeochemical cycles, their role in global change, and the behavior of phytoplankton. Its work ranges from marine biogeochemistry to organic geochemistry and the photobiology and toxinology of phytoplankton. It also has valuable time series, ranging from the Galician rías to the Atlantic Ocean, which are key to understanding the evolution of these systems.

This department studies the structure, functioning, and conservation of marine and coastal ecosystems, integrating biological, ecological, and social dimensions. Its research groups cover marine ecology and biodiversity, integrated marine ecology, and social sciences applied to the management of marine and coastal resources. The department provides scientific evidence for fisheries management, biodiversity conservation, and the governance of coastal systems.

Research in this department addresses the molecular and physiological foundations of aquatic organisms, with special attention to biotechnology, immunology, genomics, genetics, and diseases in marine species. Its groups work on aquatic biotechnology, bivalve ecophysiology and sustainable management, immunology and genomics, and marine molecular pathobiology. The department promotes both fundamental research and its direct application to sustainable aquaculture production.

Research in this area addresses the quality, safety, traceability, and valorization of marine food products, integrating biochemistry, microbiology, and bioprocess engineering. Its five groups work on biosystems and bioprocess engineering, marine product chemistry, food biochemistry, microbiology and technology of marine products, and waste recycling and valorization. The department connects fundamental research with the seafood industry and the goals of the circular economy.